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Reinke's edema is considered a benign tumor or polyp that may become precancerous if smoking is involved. [14] An indicator of cancer is the development of leukoplakia, which manifests as white patches on the vocal folds. [7] Smoking, gastric reflux, and hypothyroidism are all risk factors for Reinke's edema.
One of the major perceptual signs of vocal fold nodules is a change in the quality of the voice. [1] The voice may be perceived as hoarse, [4] [5] due to aperiodic vibrations of the vocal folds, [5] and may also be perceived as breathy, [4] [5] due to an incomplete closure of the vocal folds upon phonation.
Vocal fold injuries can have a number of causes including chronic overuse, chemical, thermal and mechanical trauma such as smoking, laryngeal cancer, and surgery. Other benign pathological phenomena like polyps, vocal fold nodules and edema will also introduce disordered phonation. [34]
Polyps and nodules can exhibit similar symptoms including hoarseness or breathiness, "rough" or "scratchy" voice, harshness in vocal quality, shooting pain from ear to ear, sensation of having "a lump in the back of the throat", neck pain, decreased pitch range in the voice, and vocal and bodily fatigue. [citation needed]
Up to 20% of patients show scarring, polyps or vascular changes of the vocal folds following surgery. [7] In severe cases, these resulting symptoms may require further surgery. The patient must always be aware of the impact and potential complications of surgery on their voice, especially if the voice is heavily used occupationally.
HPV status was the major determinant of survival, followed by smoking history and stage. 64% were HPV+ and all were in the low and intermediate-risk groups, with all non-smoking HPV+ patients in the low-risk group. 82% of the HPV+ patients were alive at three years compared to 57% of the HPV- patients, a 58% reduction in the risk of death.
Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
Dry or sore throat; Coughing (both a causal factor and a symptom of laryngitis) Frequent throat clearing; Increased saliva production; Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) Sensation of swelling in the area of the larynx (discomfort in the front of the neck) Globus pharyngeus (feeling like there is a lump in the throat)