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Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinomas. [168] Treatment is highly aggressive, with even localized disease being treated sequentially with chemotherapy and radiotherapy before surgical resection. [169] Since this cancer, once developed, is independent of H. pylori infection, eradication regimens are not used. [170]
The mechanism by which H. pylori causes cancer may involve chronic inflammation, or the direct action of some of its virulence factors, for example, CagA has been implicated in carcinogenesis. [44] As reviewed by Chang and Parsonnet, [45] chronic H. pylori infection in the human stomach is characterized by chronic inflammation. [45]
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori accounts for more than 60% of cases of stomach cancer. [2] [3] [12] Certain strains of H. pylori have greater risks than others. [2] Smoking, dietary factors such as pickled vegetables and obesity are other risk factors.
This assists in identifying new virulence factors for the infectivity of H. pylori on the molecular level. [57] [58] 2001 Chan et al. show in a randomized control trial that eradication of H. pylori even prevents bleeding from ulcers that is caused by aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. [59] 2002
[30] [31] Similarly, while studies have found that alcohol consumption increases risk when associated with H. pylori infection, it does not seem to independently increase risk. Even when coupled with H. pylori infection, the increase is modest in comparison to the primary risk factor. [32] [33] [nb 1]
H. pylori can survive the induced oxidative stress by producing antioxidant enzymes such as e.g., catalase. [12] However, the overproduction of ROS and RNS induces various types of DNA damage in the infected gastric cells. [12] At the same time H. pylori is known to down-regulate major DNA repair pathways. [13] As a result, genomic and ...
Helicobacter heilmannii s.s. (H. heilmannii s.s.) is a species within the Helicobacter genus of Gram negative bacteria. [1] Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is by far the best known Helicobacter species primarily because humans infected with it may develop gastrointestinal tract diseases such as stomach inflammation, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers, stomach cancers of the non-lymphoma type, and ...
Gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is termed Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis, and listed as a disease in ICD11. [6] [7] More than 80% of individuals infected with the bacterium are asymptomatic and it has been postulated that it may play an important role in the natural stomach ecology. [17]