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Serum vancomycin levels may be monitored in an effort to reduce side effects, [27] but the value of such monitoring has been questioned. [28] Peak and trough levels are usually monitored, and for research purposes the area under the concentration curve is also sometimes used. [29] Toxicity is best monitored by looking at trough values. [29]
Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infection of bone. [1] Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness. [1] The feet, spine, and hips are the most commonly involved bones in adults. [2] The cause is usually a bacterial infection, [1] [7] [2] but rarely can be a fungal infection. [8]
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare condition (1:1,000,000), in which the bones have lesions, inflammation, and pain. It is called multifocal because it can appear in different parts of the body, primarily bones, and osteomyelitis because it is very similar to that disease, although CRMO appears to be without any infection .
In a medicine that is administered periodically, the trough level should be measured just before the administration of the next dose in order to avoid overdosing. [3] A trough level is contrasted with a "peak level" (C max), which is the highest level of the medicine in the body, and the "average level", which is the mean level over time. It is ...
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
Cases of vertebral osteomyelitis are so rare that they constitute only 2%-4% of all bone infections. [3] The infection can be classified as acute or chronic depending on the severity of the onset of the case, [4] [5] where acute patients often experience better outcomes than those living with the chronic symptoms that are characteristic of the ...
Condensing osteitis, also known as focal sclerosing osteomyelitis, is a rare periapical inflammatory condition characterized by the formation of sclerotic bone near the roots of premolars and molars. This condition arises as a response to dental infections, such as periapical pulp inflammation or low-intensity trauma.
Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...