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In stochastic analysis, a part of the mathematical theory of probability, a predictable process is a stochastic process whose value is knowable at a prior time. The predictable processes form the smallest class that is closed under taking limits of sequences and contains all adapted left-continuous processes. [clarification needed]
Animals have significantly more predictable behavior than humans. Driven by natural selection, animals develop mating calls, predator warnings, and communicative dances. One example of these engrained behaviors is the Belding's ground squirrel, which developed a specific set of calls that warn nearby squirrels about predators.
The behavior of a card shuffling program used in a game of blackjack, for example, should not be predictable by players — even if the source code of the program is visible. The use of a pseudorandom number generator is often not sufficient to ensure that players are unable to predict the outcome of a shuffle.
Structural determinism is the philosophical view that actions, events, and processes are predicated on and determined by structural factors. [35] Given any particular structure or set of estimable components, it is a concept that emphasizes rational and predictable outcomes.
Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. Briefly, "common causes", also called natural patterns , are the usual, historical, quantifiable variation in a system, while "special causes" are unusual, not ...
The template offers complex formatting and labeling options to control the output. Typically, each use is made into its own template, and the template is then transcluded into the article. See an example here, and an example of it being used in an article here. The use of fixed images, such as File:Narnia Timeline.svg, was common in the past ...
Then there exist a martingale M = (M n) n∈I and an integrable predictable process A = (A n) n∈I starting with A 0 = 0 such that X n = M n + A n for every n ∈ I. Here predictable means that A n is -measurable for every n ∈ I \ {0}. This decomposition is almost surely unique. [2] [3] [4]
The most well known example of creatures which have a population cycle is the lemming. [3] The biologist Charles Sutherland Elton first identified in 1924 that the lemming had regular cycles of population growth and decline. When their population outgrows the resources of their habitat, lemmings migrate, although contrary to popular myth, they ...