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The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...
Pyroclastic flows sweep down the flanks of Mayon Volcano, Philippines, in 2018. A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) [1] is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of 100 km/h (30 m/s; 60 mph) but is capable of reaching speeds up to ...
Magma that is extruded onto the surface during a volcanic eruption is called lava. Lava cools and solidifies relatively quickly compared to underground bodies of magma. This fast cooling does not allow crystals to grow large, and a part of the melt does not crystallize at all, becoming glass.
A pyroclastic surge is a fluidised mass of turbulent gas and rock fragments that is ejected during some volcanic eruptions.It is similar to a pyroclastic flow but it has a lower density or contains a much higher ratio of gas to rock, [1] which makes it more turbulent and allows it to rise over ridges and hills rather than always travel downhill as pyroclastic flows do.
Studies of 16.7-million-year-old lava flows on Steens Mountain, Oregon, indicate that the Earth's magnetic field is capable of shifting at a rate of up to 6 degrees per day. [25] This was initially met with skepticism from paleomagnetists.
A lava flow that's been steadily getting closer and closer to a town on Hawaii's Big Island could potentially become a much larger threat. Clayton Sandell via ABC: "This came from the Kilauea volcano.
There's actually an influx of travelers hoping to view the red glow of the lava. The volcano started to erupt around 11:30 p.m. local time Sunday in Moku‘āweoweo Caldera, located in Hawaii ...
If the flow rate is too fast, even if the conduit is permeable, it will act as though it is impermeable [4] and will result in an explosive eruption. Silicic magmas typically form blocky lava flows [ 14 ] or steep-sided mounds, called lava domes , because their high viscosity [ 15 ] does not allow it to flow like that of basaltic magmas.