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Bullet-resistant glass, a type of laminated glass, is usually constructed using polycarbonate, thermoplastic materials, thermoset EVA, and layers of laminated glass. [20] In automobiles, the laminated glass panel is around 6.5 mm (0.26 inches) thick, in comparison to airplane glass being three times as thick. [21]
Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and T g of germanium oxide glass). The list is not exhaustive.
Glass databases are a collection of glass compositions, glass properties, glass models, associated trademark names, patents etc. These data were collected from publications in scientific papers and patents, from personal communication with scientists and engineers, and other relevant sources.
The calculation of glass properties allows "fine-tuning" of desired material characteristics, e.g., the refractive index. [1]The calculation of glass properties (glass modeling) is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions (e.g., during production) without experimental investigation, based on past data and experience, with the intention to save ...
This produces a characteristic "spider web" cracking pattern (radial and concentric cracks) when the impact is not enough to completely pierce the glass. [10] Laminated glass is normally used when there is a possibility of human impact or where the glass could fall if shattered. Skylight glazing and automobile windshields typically use ...
Some variations of foils and glass thicknesses can offer shatter and breakage-resistance or even bullet-resistance. The absorption of laminated glass depends on the glass substrates and foils used in the laminating process. Reflection of laminated glass is similar to monolithic glass, unless surface treatments are applied to reduce reflection.
The glass is taken from the furnace in large iron ladles, which are carried upon slings running on overhead rails; from the ladle the glass is thrown upon the cast-iron bed of a rolling-table; and is rolled into sheet by an iron roller, the process being similar to that employed in making plate-glass, but on a smaller scale.
Most computerized databases will create a table of thermodynamic values using the values from the datafile. For MgCl 2 (c,l,g) at 1 atm pressure: Thermodynamic properties table for MgCl 2 (c,l,g), from the FREED datafile. Some values have truncated significant figures for display purposes. The table format is a common way to display ...