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The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers. Members of this superfamily can be released from the cell membrane by extracellular proteolytic cleavage and function as a cytokine .
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) is a protein superfamily of cytokine receptors characterized by the ability to bind tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) via an extracellular cysteine-rich domain. [2] [3] With the exception of nerve growth factor (NGF), all TNFs are homologous to the archetypal TNF-alpha. [4]
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as TNF-α, is a chemical messenger produced by the immune system that induces inflammation. [5] TNF is produced primarily by activated macrophages , and induces inflammation by binding to its receptors on other cells. [ 6 ]
Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α) formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) [5] [6] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Belonging to the hematopoietic cell line, LT-α exhibits anti-proliferative activity and causes the cellular destruction of tumor cell lines. [ 7 ]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which also contains TNFRSF1B. This protein is one of the major receptors for the tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This receptor can activate the transcription factor NF-κB, mediate apoptosis, and function as a regulator of inflammation.
619441 Ensembl ENSG00000248871 ENSMUSG00000018752 UniProt O43508 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_172089 NM_001034097 NM_001034098 NM_001159503 RefSeq (protein) NP_003800 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 7.55 – 7.56 Mb Chr 11: 69.57 – 69.59 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 12-member 13, also known as TNFSF12-TNFSF13, is a human ...
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A also known as the TWEAK receptor (TWEAKR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFRSF12A gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Other names used when talking about TNFRSF12A are fibroblast growth factor-inducible immediate-early response protein 14 (FN14). [ 8 ]
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for the FN14/ TWEAKR receptor. This cytokine has overlapping signaling functions with TNF, but displays a much wider tissue distribution.