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Syntonic comma on C Pythagorean comma on C . In music theory, a comma is a very small interval, the difference resulting from tuning one note two different ways. [1] Traditionally, there are two most common comma; the syntonic comma, "the difference between a just major 3rd and four just perfect 5ths less two octaves", and the Pythagorean comma, "the difference between twelve 5ths and seven ...
Study of the comma pump dates back at least to the sixteenth century when the Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Benedetti composed a piece of music to illustrate syntonic comma drift. [5] Note that a descending perfect fourth (3/4) is the same as a descending octave (1/2) followed by an ascending perfect fifth (3/2). Namely, (3/4) = (1/2) × ...
The comma that musical temperaments often "temper" is the Pythagorean comma. [ 3 ] The Pythagorean comma can be also defined as the difference between a Pythagorean apotome and a Pythagorean limma [ 4 ] (i.e., between a chromatic and a diatonic semitone , as determined in Pythagorean tuning); the difference between 12 just perfect fifths and ...
In the words of William Hubbard's Musical Dictionary (1908), an anomalous chord is a "chord containing an interval" that "has been made very sharp or flat in tempering the scale for instruments of fixed pitches". [2] The development of well temperament allowed fixed-pitch instruments to play reasonably well in all of the keys.
Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
Music theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form, and meter. The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory.
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Relating to music produced by instruments, as opposed to electric or electronic means ad libitum (commonly ad lib; Latin) At liberty (i.e. the speed and manner of execution are left to the performer. It can also mean improvisation.) adagietto Fairly slowly (but faster than adagio) adagio Slowly adagissimo Very, very slowly affannato, affannoso ...