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  2. Proportionality (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

    The variable y is directly proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant ~0.6. The variable y is inversely proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant 1. In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.

  3. Negative relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_relationship

    Negative correlation can be seen geometrically when two normalized random vectors are viewed as points on a sphere, and the correlation between them is the cosine of the circular arc of separation of the points on a great circle of the sphere. [1] When this arc is more than a quarter-circle (θ > π/2), then the cosine is negative.

  4. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The negative predictive value is defined as: = + = where a "true negative" is the event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard, and a "false negative" is the event that the test makes a negative prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard.

  5. Curie's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie's_law

    The magnetization is the negative derivative of the free energy with respect to the applied field, and so the magnetization per unit volume is = ⁡, where n is the number density of magnetic moments. [1]: 117 The formula above is known as the Langevin paramagnetic equation.

  6. Coherence (units of measurement) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_(units_of...

    The (average) velocity (v) of an object is defined as the quantitative physical property of the object that is directly proportional to the distance (d) traveled by the object and inversely proportional to the time (t) of travel, i.e., v = kd/t, where k is a constant that depends on the units used. Suppose that the metre (m) and the second (s ...

  7. Proportional reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_reasoning

    In Piaget's model of intellectual development, the fourth and final stage is the formal operational stage.In the classic book "The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence" by Jean Piaget and Bärbel Inhelder formal operational reasoning takes many forms, including propositional reasoning, deductive logic, separation and control of variables, combinatorial reasoning, and ...

  8. Newton's law of cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_cooling

    Newton did not originally state his law in the above form in 1701. Rather, using today's terms, Newton noted after some mathematical manipulation that the rate of temperature change of a body is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings. This final simplest version of the law, given by Newton himself ...

  9. Dependent and independent variables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_and_independent...

    In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]