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A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
In radio transmission, transmitter power output (TPO) is the actual amount of power (in watts) of radio frequency (RF) energy that a transmitter produces at its output. [1] TPO is a concept related to effective radiated power (ERP), but refers to the power output of a transmitter, without accounting for antenna gain. The ERP for VHF/UHF ...
The operating power gain of a two-port network, G P, is defined as: = where P L is the maximum time-averaged power delivered to the load, where the maximization is over the load impedance, i.e., we desire the load impedance which maximizes the time-averaged power delivered to the load.
The actual output impedance for most devices is not the same as the rated output impedance. A power amplifier may have a rated impedance of 8 ohms, but the actual output impedance will vary depending on circuit conditions. The rated output impedance is the impedance into which the amplifier can deliver its maximum amount of power without failing.
Net output is an accounting concept used in national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA) and the NIPAs, and sometimes in corporate or government accounts. The concept was originally invented to measure the total net addition to a country's stock of wealth created by production during an accounting interval.
If energy output and input are expressed in the same units, efficiency is a dimensionless number. [1] Where it is not customary or convenient to represent input and output energy in the same units, efficiency-like quantities have units associated with them. For example, the heat rate of a fossil fuel power plant may be expressed in BTU per ...
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A low line regulation is always preferred. In practice, a well regulated power supply should have a line regulation of at most 0.1%. [1] In the regulator device datasheets the line regulation is expressed as percent change in output with respect to change in input per volt of the output. Mathematically it is expressed as: