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In 2008, stimulants, such as caffeine, were the most commonly used nootropic agent. [15] In 2016, the American Medical Association adopted a policy to discourage prescriptions of nootropics for healthy people, on the basis that the cognitive effects appear to be highly variable among individuals, are dose-dependent, and limited or modest at ...
Stimulants can affect various functions, including arousal, attention, the reward system, learning, memory, and emotion. Effects range from mild stimulation to euphoria, depending on the specific drug, dose, route of administration, and inter-individual characteristics. Stimulants have a long history of use, both for medical and non-medical ...
Prior to this, the general assumption was that any drug which did not fall into a prescription schedule could be purchased without a prescription. [1] However, the needed definition had not been enacted by early 2018. The lack of a legal definition for OTC drugs has led to this US$4 billion market segment being effectively unregulated. [1]
Stimulant medications may be resold by patients as recreational drugs, and methylphenidate (Ritalin) is used as a study aid by some students without ADHD. [103] Non-medical prescription stimulant use by US students is high. A 2003 study found that non-prescription use within the last year by college students in the US was 4.1%. [104]
The oldest known medical prescription text was found at Ebla, in modern Syria, and dates back to around 2500 BCE. [47] [48] [49] Modern prescriptions are actually extemporaneous prescriptions (from the Latin ex tempore, 'at/from the time'), [50] meaning that the prescription is written on the spot for a specific patient with a specific ailment ...
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin (/ ˈ r ɪ t ə l ɪ n / RIT-ə-lin) and Concerta (/ k ə n ˈ s ɜːr t ə / kən-SUR-tə) [citation needed] among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated in the pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Prescription stimulant use was defined as adults filling one or more stimulant prescriptions that contained amphetamines and methylphenidate, which is the active ingredient in Ritalin.
The prescription medicine Adderall (dextroamphetamine sulfate/amphetamine sulfate/dextroamphetamine saccharate/amphetamine aspartate monohydrate) is also frequently used recreationally. However, using non-prescribed drugs, using non-prescribed dose regimen, can cause polysubstance dependence, or combined drug intoxication which may lead to deaths.