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The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
A "vertical" line has undefined or infinite slope (see below). If two points of a road have altitudes y 1 and y 2, the rise is the difference (y 2 − y 1) = Δy. Neglecting the Earth's curvature, if the two points have horizontal distance x 1 and x 2 from a fixed point, the run is (x 2 − x 1) = Δx. The slope between the two points is the ...
The simplest method of drawing a line involves directly calculating pixel positions from a line equation. Given a starting point (,) and an end point (,), points on the line fulfill the equation = +, with = = being the slope of the line. The line can then be drawn by evaluating this equation via a simple loop, as shown in the following pseudocode:
That is (unlike road distance with one-way streets) the distance between two points does not depend on which of the two points is the start and which is the destination. [11] It is positive, meaning that the distance between every two distinct points is a positive number, while the distance from any point to itself is zero. [11]
Given the two red points, the blue line is the linear interpolant between the points, and the value y at x may be found by linear interpolation. In mathematics, linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points.
The simplest method is to use finite difference approximations. A simple two-point estimation is to compute the slope of a nearby secant line through the points (x, f(x)) and (x + h, f(x + h)). [1] Choosing a small number h, h represents a small change in x, and it can be either positive or negative.
The starting point is on the line (,) = only because the line is defined to start and end on integer coordinates (though it is entirely reasonable to want to draw a line with non-integer end points). Candidate point (2,2) in blue and two candidate points in green (3,2) and (3,3)
For example, for any two distinct points, there is a unique line containing them, and any two distinct lines intersect at most at one point. [1]: 300 In two dimensions (i.e., the Euclidean plane), two lines that do not intersect are called parallel.