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Charles Carpenter Fries (November 29, 1887 – December 8, 1967) was an American linguist and language teacher. Fries is considered the creator of the Aural-Oral method [1] (also erroneously called the Audio-Lingual method [2]). He believed, along with Robert Lado, that language teaching and learning should be approached in a scientific way. [3]
Each skill (listening, speaking, reading, writing) is treated and taught separately. The skills of writing and reading are not neglected, but the focus throughout remains on listening and speaking. Dialogue is the main feature of the audio-lingual syllabus. Dialogues are the chief means of presenting language items.
He was an essential contributor to research on the nature of the reading process together with researchers such as George Armitage Miller, Kenneth S. Goodman, Paul A. Kolers, Jane W. Torrey, Jane Mackworth, Richard Venezky, Robert Calfee, and Julian Hochberg. [4] Smith and Goodman are founders of whole language approach for reading instruction. [5]
Calls for an evidence-based return to the basics are, to some extent, a backlash against the "whole language" approach to reading instruction that become become prominent during the 1980s and 1990s.
Whole language is a philosophy of reading and a discredited [8] educational method originally developed for teaching literacy in English to young children. The method became a major model for education in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and the UK in the 1980s and 1990s, [7] despite there being no scientific support for the method's effectiveness. [9]
Both approaches require the learner to have some phonological awareness (the ability to hear and discriminate sounds in spoken words). Both approaches can also contribute to furthering the student's phonological development. Phonological awareness is an essential skill for reading, writing, listening and talking.
A second source of affordable English instruction is the English Language Learners in-Home Program, a nonprofit based in Carson City, Nev. The program offers free sessions with a volunteer tutor ...
His concept of reading as an analogue to language development has been studied by brain researchers such as Sally Shaywitz, who rejected the theory on the grounds that reading does not develop naturally in the absence of instruction. Despite this, the theory continues to receive support from some scholars.