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Very importantly, constantan can be processed for self-temperature compensation to match a wide range of test material coefficients of thermal expansion.A-alloy is supplied in self-temperature-compensation (S-T-C) numbers 00, 03, 05, 06, 09, 13, 15, 18, 30, 40, and 50, for use on test materials with corresponding thermal expansion coefficients, expressed in parts per million by length (or μm ...
It was produced in Germany where it was renamed "Constantan". [5] In 1888 he patented [6] "an alloy containing from 65 to 70 parts of copper, 25 to 30 parts of ferro-manganese, and 2.5 to 10 parts of nickel" which had a nearly constant resistivity. Manganin wire as we know it was developed by Weston's assistant John Forrest Kelly. [7]
One difficulty in using nichrome or kanthal wire is that common tin-based electrical solder will not bond with it, so the connections to the electrical power must be made using other methods such as crimp connectors or screw terminals. Constantan (Cu 55 Ni 45) has a low temperature coefficient of resistivity; and as a copper alloy, it is easily ...
Chromel is an alloy made of approximately 90% nickel and 10% chromium by weight that is used to make the positive conductors of ANSI Type E (chromel-constantan) and K (chromel-alumel) thermocouples. It can be used at temperatures up to 1,100 °C (2,010 °F) in oxidizing atmospheres.
Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current.
Physical properties; ... and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. ... [128] [129] Copper wire is used in power generation, ...
In constantan strain gauges (the most commercially popular), the effect accounts for 20% of the gauge factor, but in silicon gauges, the contribution of the piezoresistive term is much larger than the geometric terms. This can be seen in the general examples of strain gauges below:
AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350. [1] Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle; Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets; Aluminium–Scandium ; Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land ...