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The BMW active steering system utilizes a double planetary gear system located at the base of the steering column to facilitate driver independent steering of the front wheels. The system is intended to offer two principal benefits; a variable steering ratio and stability-enhancing corrective steering actions.
The recirculating ball steering mechanism contains a worm gear inside a block with a threaded hole in it; this block has gear teeth cut into the outside to engage the sector shaft (also called a sector gear) which moves the Pitman arm. The steering wheel connects to a shaft, which rotates the worm gear inside of the block.
After calculating necessary steering corrections, the control unit instructs the electric motor to apply the torque needed to the vehicle's hydraulic steering gear. [5] For the motor's control, it picks up the data at 2000 times a second (as in Volvo truck FM Series) based on the input from the driver, and from the on-board sensors.
The steering on most models is a speed-dependent recirculating ball power steering system made by ZF Friedrichshafen. The 518i has a Gemmer steering system with a double enveloping worm gear, also made by ZF. [3] Wheel sizes are 14-inch (16-inch for the M5 model) or 390 mm Michelin TRX. [26]: 44 [27] [28] All rims have 22 mm positive rim offset ...
A lower steering ratio means that the steering wheel is turned less to get the wheels turning, but it will be harder to turn the steering wheel. Larger and heavier vehicles will often have a higher steering ratio, which will make the steering wheel easier to turn. If a truck had a low steering ratio, it would be very hard to turn the steering ...
A steering column may also perform the following secondary functions: energy dissipation management in the event of a frontal collision; provide mounting for: the multi-function switch, column lock, column wiring, column shroud(s), transmission gear selector, gauges or other instruments as well as the electro motor and gear units found in EPAS and SbW systems;
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BMW xDrive is the marketing name for the all-wheel drive system found on various BMW models since 2003. [1] The system uses an electronically actuated clutch-pack differential to vary the torque between the front and rear axles.