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Much of the social contract philosophical tradition proposed a voluntary theory for state formation. [67] One of the most prominent theories of early and primary state formation is the hydraulic hypothesis, which contends that the state was a result of the need to build and maintain large-scale irrigation projects. [68]
The circumscription theory is a theory of the role of warfare in state formation in political anthropology, created by anthropologist Robert Carneiro. The theory has been summarized in one sentence by Schacht: “In areas of circumscribed agricultural land, population pressure led to warfare that resulted in the evolution of the state”.
Tilly's theory of state formation is considered dominant in the state formation literature. [35] [36] [37] Some scholars have found support for Tilly's theory, both for European states [38] and globally. [39]
Various social contract theories have been proffered to establish state legitimacy and to explain state formation. Common elements in these theories are a state of nature that incentivizes people to seek out the establishment of a state.
[4] [5] [6] Although "determines" is the strong form of the claim, Marx also uses "conditions". Even "determination" is not causality and some reciprocity of action is admitted. The bourgeoisie control the economy, therefore they control the state. In this theory, the state is an instrument of class rule.
However, in both major schools of theory, the state is the focus of thinking rather than the "nation" (nation conventionally refers to the population itself, as united by identity history, culture and language). The issues debated related to the structures of the state (and its relationship to society) and as a result, state-building is the ...
Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1992 is a 1990 book by the American political scientist Charles Tilly.. The central theme of the book is state formation.Tilly writes about the complex history of European state formation from the Middle Ages to the 1990s – a thousand-year time span.
According to Olson's theory, this is how a state emerges. However, some researchers consider it unjustified to use the term "state," as the advantage and ability to collect taxes from subjects in its territory do not automatically lead to the formation of a state.