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Eliphaz (Hebrew: אֱלִיפָז ’Ělīp̄āz, "El is pure gold") is called a Temanite . He is one of the friends or comforters of Job in the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible . The first of the three visitors to Job ( Job 2:11 ), he was said to have come from Teman, an important city of Edom ( Amos 1:12 ; Obadiah 9 .
The three speeches of Bildad are contained in Job 8, [4] Job 18 [5] and Job 25. [6] In substance, Bildad largely echos what Eliphaz the Temanite had claimed. [7] Bildad's speech is charged with somewhat increased vehemence, compared to Eliphaz who spoke first, because Bildad found Job's words too angry and impious.
Job 4:12-5:7: Eliphaz tries to warn Job about complaining against God because only the ungodly resent the dealings of God and by their impatience bring down his wrath upon them. Job 5:8-27: Eliphaz appeals to Job to follow a different course, to seek after God, for God only smites to heal or to correct, to draw people to himself and away from evil.
Jacob gave everything he had with him to Eliphaz and said, ”Take what I have, for a poor man is counted as dead." Eliphaz was satisfied and left his uncle and rabbi poor, but still alive: (Rashi to the Book of Genesis Gen 29:11) According to Louis Ginzburg's Legends of the Jews, Eliphaz was a prophet. [4]
The first part of this section contains Eliphaz's rebuke to Job for the choices Job made and the emptiness of the words of Job, who thinks of himself as a wise man (verses 1–6). [11] Eliphaz concerns that Job undermines the proper attitude of respecting God (Eliphaz is the only one of Job's three friends who refers to the "fear of God"). [12]
Zophar only speaks twice to Job, unlike friends Bildad and Eliphaz who each give three speeches. Zophar is the most impetuous and dogmatic of Job's three visitors: He is the first to accuse Job directly of wickedness; claiming that Job's punishment is indeed too good for him (), and he rebukes Job's impious presumption in trying to find out the unsearchable secrets of God (Job 11:7–12).
One of the protagonists in Job is Eliphaz the Temanite, and Genesis 36 refers to Husham of the land of the Temanites. Outside of the Bible, it was mentioned by Ptolemy, [11] Pliny, [12] Agatharchides, [13] [14] and Josephus. [15] It was noted as halfway between Damascus and Mecca, and between Babylonia and Egypt. [16]
Eliphaz the Temanite was chief of the comforters of Job (2:11, etc.). The manner in which the city is mentioned by the prophets, now by itself, and again as standing for Edom, shows how important it must have been in their time. [5] According to some biblical scholars and commentators, Teman was a city in the Land of Uz.