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Pivotal response treatment is a naturalistic intervention model derived from the principles of applied behavior analysis.Rather than target individual behaviors one at a time, PRT targets pivotal areas of a child's development such as motivation, [3] responsiveness to multiple cues, [4] self-management, and social initiations. [5]
In the context of the theory, mind-blindness implies being unable to predict behavior and attribute mental states including beliefs, desires, emotions, or intentions of other people. [5] The mind-blindness theory asserts that children who delay in this development will often develop autism. [4] [6]
[8] [1] Finally, the book ends with an expanded emphasis on Grandin's life and the strengths those with autism have, including attention to detail, pattern identification, and more that benefits them in mainstream society. [9] [10] Grandin suggests as a closing that children should be defined by their strengths rather than by their deficits. [11]
In his 2004 book Prenatal Testosterone in Mind , Baron-Cohen put forward the prenatal sex steroid theory of autism. [33] He proposed this theory to understand why autism is more common in males. Using the Cambridge Child Development Project that he established in 1997, a longitudinal study studying children of 600 women who had undergone ...
[1] [6] Establishing lower, thus safer, goals, which is achieved by lowering the standard of satisfactory performance, can help individuals to feel more satisfied with the outcome. [8] Some students use the strategy of defensive pessimism to protect their sense of self-worth by deliberately having pessimistic thoughts about the upcoming tasks.
It includes answers to questions such as who, what, when, where, and why in social situations through the use of visuals and written text. [13] Social Stories are used to teach particular social skills, [ 14 ] such as identifying important cues in a given situation; taking another's point of view; understanding rules, routines, situations ...
The prevailing theory in the 1950s was that autism was the reaction of children to mothers who were "cold and distant". Rimland's personal experience contradicted this idea of " refrigerator mothers " and he began searching for alternative explanations.
E–S theory was developed by psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen in 2002, [10] as a reconceptualization of cognitive sex differences in the general population. This was done in an effort to understand why the cognitive difficulties in autism appeared to lie in domains in which he says on average females outperformed males, along with why cognitive strengths in autism appeared to lie in domains in ...