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Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and Vistaril among others, is an antihistamine medication. [8] It is used in the treatment of itchiness, anxiety, insomnia, and nausea (including that due to motion sickness). [8] It is used either by mouth or injection into a muscle. [8] Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9]
Dose a Time to peak Half-life b Metabolism Anticholinergic Diphenhydramine: 50 mg 2–3 hours 2–9 hours CYP2D6, others Yes Doxylamine: 25 mg 2–3 hours 10–12 hours CYP2D6, others Yes Hydroxyzine: 25–100 mg 2 hours 20 hours ADH, CYP3A4, others No Doxepin: 3–6 mg 2–3 hours 17 hours c: CYP2D6, others No (at low doses) Mirtazapine: 7.5 ...
A positron emission tomography (PET) study found that brain occupancy of the H 1 receptor was 12.6% for 10 mg cetirizine, 25.2% for 20 mg cetirizine, and 67.6% for 30 mg hydroxyzine. [29] (A 10 mg dose of cetirizine equals about a 30 mg dose of hydroxyzine in terms of peripheral antihistamine effect.) [30] PET studies with antihistamines have ...
The rash and other symptoms typically occur 24 to 48 hours after the exposure; in some cases, the rash may persist for weeks. [2] Once an individual has developed a skin reaction to a certain substance it is most likely that they will have it for the rest of their life, and the symptoms will reappear when in contact with the allergen.
The most common antihistamines utilized for this purpose include hydroxyzine, promethazine (enzyme induction especially helps with codeine and similar prodrug opioids), phenyltoloxamine, orphenadrine, and tripelennamine; some may also have intrinsic analgesic properties of their own, orphenadrine being an example.
Hives, or urticaria, is a form of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. [1] They may also burn or sting. [2] Hives can appear anywhere on the surface of the skin. Whether the trigger is allergic or not, a complex release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine from cutaneous mast cells, results in fluid leakage from superficial blood ...
It was a combination of theophylline, ephedra, [1] and hydroxyzine, and taken by mouth. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is no longer manufactured in the US due to approval of ephedra being withdrawn by the FDA . [ citation needed ]
Fexofenadine is used for relief from physical symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and for treatment of hives, including chronic urticaria. [12] It does not cure, but rather prevents the aggravation of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria, and reduces the severity of the symptoms associated with those conditions, providing relief from repeated sneezing, runny nose ...