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The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, [a] often shortened to the Red Army, [b] was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars [1] to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups ...
Soviet historians disagreed on which operations to classify as strategic or front-level, and the names of operations often differed between early military studies and later official histories. In the 1960s 40 strategic operations were discussed, in the 1970s this expanded to 55, and by the beginning of the 1980s, "more than 50."
The Soviet Armed Forces, [a] also known as the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, [b] the Red Army (1918–1946) and the Soviet Army (1946–1991), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922) and the Soviet Union (1922–1991) from their beginnings in the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923 to the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
Development of Red Army tactics began during the Russian Civil War, and are still a subject of study within Russian military academies today. They were an important source of development in military theory, and in particular of armoured warfare before, during and after the Second World War, in the process influencing the outcome of World War II and the Korean War.
The Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Russian: сухопутные войска, romanized: Sovetskiye sukhoputnye voyska) [2] was the land warfare service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1946 to 1992. In English it was often referred to as the Soviet Army. [a] Until 25 February 1946, it was known as the Red Army. [3]
The Soviet Union had suffered heavily from the conflict, losing huge tracts of territory, and vast losses in men and materiel. Nonetheless, the Red Army proved capable of countering the German offensives, particularly as the Germans began experiencing irreplaceable shortages in manpower, armaments, provisions, and fuel. [329]
The Battle of Berlin was the final major offensive of the European theatre of World War II and was designated the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union. [A 1] Starting on 16 April 1945, the Red Army breached the German front as a result of the Vistula–Oder offensive and rapidly advanced westward through Germany, as fast as 30–40 kilometres a day.
The first of these, introduced by the Supreme Military Soviet (SMS) [f] on 29 July, was 'the Revolutionary Military Symbol of the Red Army': a red enamel or painted star containing a bronze hammer-and-plough device set within a silver wreath (an oak branch on the left side and a laurel on the right). This was essentially the Red Army's ...