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The word Loob, simply taken as 'inside' and not a construct, is also used for "looban," which means an interior compound, or community; and for the term "manloloob", which means 'robber', literally 'someone who enters'.
The word has later been recycled for translating "divine retribution" or "divine fury" in the translations of the Bible to many local languages in the Philippines. It is also translated as nemesis . The opposite of gaba is grasya , literally grace and from Spanish gracia , which pertains to blessings from Heaven .
During the American rule of the Philippines (1898–1946), the meaning of the Spanish word idolo ("a thing worshiped") was further conflated with the English word "idol". Thus in the modern Filipino language, anito has come to refer almost exclusively to the carved taotao figures, instead of the actual spirits themselves. [1] [51]
During the American rule of the Philippines (1898–1946), the meaning of the Spanish word idolo ("a thing worshiped") has been further conflated with the English word "idol", and thus anito has come to refer almost exclusively to the carved figures or statues (taotao) of ancestral and nature spirits. [8] [11]
[1] [2] Philippine literature encompasses literary media written in various local languages as well as in Spanish and English. According to journalist Nena Jimenez, the most common and consistent element of Philippine literature is its short and quick yet highly interpersonal sentences, with themes of family, dogmatic love, and persistence. [3]
Engkanto are most commonly known for either extreme malignant effects, or an overwhelming influence of luck. Those the Engkanto do not favor had become depressed, suffered from madness, or even disappeared for days or months, possibly as a result of the human possession.
At the core of Filipino psychology is the value of kapwa, which Enriquez defines as a shared identity or the sharing of one's self with others. [7]The concept of pakikisama is often highlighted within youth groups, Filipino workplaces, and as a nation itself in order to avoid being branded as a mayabang, or as a boastful individual within the group. [2]
In Philippine mythology, the kapre is a creature that may be described as a tree giant, being a tall (7–9 ft (2.1–2.7 m)), dark-coloured, hairy, [1] and muscular creature. Kapres are also said to have a very strong body odour and to sit in tree branches to smoke.