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Several models have been put forward to explain the link between altered brain function and schizophrenia. [27] The prevailing model of schizophrenia is that of a neurodevelopmental disorder, and the underlying changes that occur before symptoms become evident are seen as arising from the interaction between genes and the environment. [126]
Recent studies have used fMRI to explore specific brain networks, such as the salience network and default mode network, to understand their roles in schizophrenia-related symptoms. Alterations in these networks may affect self-referential thoughts and responses to external stimuli, potentially contributing to symptoms like hallucinations and ...
The result means that, of these, 24 will not be identified as having schizophrenia by use of FRS (42% of 57). Then, of the 43 people really without schizophrenia, 13 may be incorrectly diagnosed with schizophrenia by the FRS. For all three estimates there are important issues regarding patient selection, use of index test and reference standard.
Over the years, researchers had found that in people with schizophrenia, important parts of the brain are larger than usual, including the prefrontal cortex, which controls decision-making. Gray matter—the neural connections on which electrical signals travel, forming thoughts and emotions—is thinner.
General paresis, also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI), paralytic dementia, or syphilitic paresis is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, classified as an organic mental disorder, and is caused by late-stage syphilis and the chronic meningoencephalitis and cerebral atrophy that are associated with this late stage of the disease when left untreated.
The association between schizophrenia and violence is complex. Homicide is linked with young age, male sex, a history of violence, and a stressful event in the preceding year. Clinical risk factors are severe untreated psychotic symptoms – untreated due to either not taking medication or to the condition being treatment resistant. [52]
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