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The properties vary because HTPB is a mixture rather than a pure compound, and it is manufactured to meet customers' specific requirements. A typical HTPB is R-45HTLO. [ 1 ] This product consists of oligomeric units typically containing 40–50 butadiene molecules bonded together, with each end of the chain terminated with a hydroxyl [OH] group:
The first work on hybrid rockets was performed in the early 1930s at the Soviet Group for the Study of Reactive Motion. Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov, who would later supervise the design of Sputnik I and the Luna programme, was responsible for the first hybrid propelled rocket launch, the GIRD-9, on 17 August 1933, which reached an altitude of 400 metres (1,300 ft).
The Rochester Institute of Technology was building an HTPB hybrid rocket to launch small payloads into space and to several near-Earth objects. Its first launch was in the Summer of 2007. Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne, the first private crewed spacecraft, was powered by a hybrid rocket burning HTPB with nitrous oxide: RocketMotorOne.
ap / al–htpb (htpb 1912 apcp) Zefiro is a family of solid-fuel rocket motors developed by Avio and used on the European Space Agency Vega rocket . The name Zefiro derives from the acronym ZE ro FI rst stage RO cket, [ 4 ] conceived when this motor was intended to be used as first and second stages of San Marco program of the Italian Space ...
RocketMotorTwo is a hybrid rocket engine utilizing solid hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) fuel and liquid nitrous oxide oxidizer – sometimes referred to as an N 2 O/HTPB motor [8] [9] – providing 70,000 pounds-force (310 kN) of thrust. [10] The design makes use of lessons learned during the development of the SpaceShipOne hybrid ...
The FG-47 (a.k.a. SpaB-54) is a Chinese solid rocket motor burning HTPB-based composite propellant. [1] [4] It was developed by China Hexi Chemical and Machinery Corporation (also known as the 6th Academy of CASIC) for use in the Long March 2C SD/CTS/SMA third stage. It had its inaugural flight on the Iridium-MFS demonstration mission on ...
Aluminium-HTPB 1912 P80 is a solid-fuel first-stage rocket motor used on the European Space Agency Vega rocket (in the P80FW version). It was the world's largest and most powerful one-piece solid-fuel rocket engine, being replaced by the larger P120C on 13 July 2022.
The FG-46 (a.k.a. EPKM and SpaB-170) is a Chinese spin stabilized solid rocket motor burning HTPB-based composite propellant. [4] It was developed by China Hexi Chemical and Machinery Corporation (also known as the 6th Academy of CASIC) for use in the Long March 2E on GTO missions. It first flew as a prototype SPTS-M14 on July 16, 1990 on the ...