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Drug disposal is the discarding of drugs. Individuals commonly dispose of unused drugs that remain after the end of medical treatment. [1] Health care organizations dispose of drugs on a larger scale for a range of reasons, including having leftover drugs after treating patients and discarding of expired drugs.
Generally, the strength of the formulation for injection into a vein should not be greater than 40 mmol/L (3 mg/L). [4] Potassium chloride came into large scale commercial use as a fertilizer in 1861 and has been used medically since the 1950s. [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8]
Potassium chlorite is a colorless hygroscopic crystal that deliquesces in the air. It decomposes upon heating into potassium chloride and oxygen, emitting light.
Potassium chlorate can be produced in small amounts by disproportionation in a sodium hypochlorite solution followed by metathesis reaction with potassium chloride: [7] 3 NaOCl → 2 NaCl + NaClO 3 KCl + NaClO 3 → NaCl + KClO 3. It can also be produced by passing chlorine gas into a hot solution of caustic potash: [8] 3 Cl 2 + 6 KOH → KClO ...
KOCN is prepared by heating urea with potassium carbonate at 400 °C: . 2 OC(NH 2) 2 + K 2 CO 3 → 2 KOCN + (NH 4) 2 CO 3. The reaction produces a liquid. Intermediates and impurities include biuret, cyanuric acid, and potassium allophanate (KO 2 CNHC(O)NH 2), as well as unreacted starting urea, but these species are unstable at 400 °C.
The expected LD100 dose (human) for potassium cyanide is 200–300 mg while the median lethal dose LD50 is estimated at 140 mg. [16] People who killed themselves, were killed, or killed someone else using potassium cyanide include: Viktor Meyer, 19th-century German chemist, died by suicide in 1897 after taking cyanide [17]
Activated carbon. Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that greatly increase the surface area [1] [2] available for adsorption or chemical reactions. [3]
Levels of 0.5–1 mg/L are mild, 1–2 mg/L are moderate, 2–3 mg/L are severe, and greater than 3 mg/L generally result in death. [2] If exposure is suspected, the person should be removed from the source of the exposure and decontaminated. [3] Treatment involves supportive care and giving the person 100% oxygen.