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California's "Basic Speed Law", [18] part of the California Vehicle Code, defines the maximum speed at which a car may travel as a "reasonable and prudent" speed, given road conditions. The reasonable speed may be lower than the posted speed limit in conditions such as gravel—thus limiting the Assured Clear Distance Ahead (ACDA).
Upon that repeal, there was effectively no speed limit on Montana's highways for daytime driving (the nighttime limit was set at 65 miles per hour (105 km/h)) from 1995 until 1999, when the state Supreme Court threw out the law requiring a "reasonable and prudent" speed as "unconstitutionally vague."
For example, if you speed 10 miles per hour over the limit, the fine is $20 with $143 in court costs, according to the Florence law firm of Buzald, Funk and Zevely.
The reasonable speed may be different than the posted speed limit. ... most citizens should be deemed reasonable and prudent, and limits must be practical to enforce.
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Other charges included failure to control vehicle speed on the highway to avoid a collision, driving a vehicle in excess of reasonable and prudent speed on the highway, driving a vehicle on the ...
Speed limits, traffic density, topography, climate and many other factors affect the divergent accident rates by state. Speed limits in Texas, Utah, and Rhode Island are prima facie rather than absolute. This allows motorists in those states to defend against a speeding charge if it can be proven that the speed was reasonable and prudent.
According to a 1994 report by the AASHTO, "experience has shown that speed limits set arbitrarily below the reasonable and prudent speed perceived by the public are difficult to enforce, produce noncompliance, encourage disrespect for the law, create unnecessary antagonism toward law enforcement officers, and divert traffic to lesser routes". [57]