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Machiavelli extended the study of classical virtue to include skill, valor, and leadership, and to encompass the individual prince or war-leader as well. [8] Virtù, for Machiavelli, was not equivalent to moral virtue, but was instead linked to the raison d'État. Indeed, what was good for the prince may be contradictory to that which is ...
Studies on leadership style are conducted [2] in the military field, expressing an approach that stresses a holistic view of leadership, including how a leader's physical presence determines how others perceive that leader. The factors of physical presence in this context include military bearing, physical fitness, confidence, and resilience.
The neo-emergent leadership theory (from the Oxford Strategic Leadership Programme [85]) sees leadership as an impression formed through the communication of information by the leader or by other stakeholders, [86] not through the actions of the leader.
In reviewing the older leadership theories, Scouller highlighted certain limitations in relation to the development of a leader's skill and effectiveness: [3] Trait theory: As Stogdill (1948) [4] and Buchanan & Huczynski (1997) had previously pointed out, this approach has failed to develop a universally agreed list of leadership qualities and "successful leaders seem to defy classification ...
In Aristotle's work, phronesis is the intellectual virtue that helps turn one's moral instincts into practical action. [4] [10] He writes that moral virtues help any person to achieve the end, and that phronesis is what it takes to discover the means to gain that end. [4]
According to Ross, self-evident intuition shows that there are four kinds of things that are intrinsically good: pleasure, knowledge, virtue and justice. [1] [4] "Virtue" refers to actions or dispositions to act from the appropriate motives, for example, from the desire to do one's duty. [2] "Justice", on the other hand, is about happiness in ...
Work ethic is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent ability, virtue or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. [1] Desire or determination to work serves as the foundation for values centered on the importance of work or industrious work.
In political theory, there has been discussion of "virtue politics", and in legal theory, there is a small but growing body of literature on virtue jurisprudence. The aretaic turn also exists in American constitutional theory , where proponents argue for an emphasis on virtue and vice of constitutional adjudicators [ clarification needed ] .