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The Nacogdoche were part of the Hasinai branch of the Caddo Confederacy [2] and closely allied with the Lower Nasoni. They historically lived between the Angelina and the Sabine Rivers in Texas. The Gentleman of Elvas, a member of Hernando de Soto's 1541 expedition, wrote about the tribe, as did Francisco de Jesus Maria in 1691. [3]
The name Hasinai means "our own people" in Caddoan. The Spanish knew the Hasinai as the Tejas or Texas, from a form of greeting meaning "friend", which gave the state of Texas its name. [3] Variants of Hasinai include: Hasini, Asenai, Asinai, Assoni, Asenay, Cenis, Senis, Sannaye, [3] Asinaiz, Asinayes, Assinais, Azinais, Azinays. [4]
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma.They speak the Caddo language.. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now northeast Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. [2]
Spanish explorers encountered the tribe in 1542 in east Texas. Around 1700, the tribe joined the Hasinai but kept their distinct identity and culture. [2] [4] In 1716, Spanish monks founded the San José Mission to serve the Nadaco and the Nasoni tribes. [5] By 1787, they lived in villages along the northern part of Panola County, Texas. [6]
The Natchitoches (/ ˈ n æ k ə t ɪ ʃ / NAK-ə-tish; Caddo: Náshit'ush) [2] are a Native American tribe from northwestern Louisiana [1] and Texas.They organized themselves in one of the three Caddo-speaking confederacies along with the Hasinai (between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas), and Kadohadacho (at the borders of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana).
The Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana (also known as Adai Caddo Indian Nation of Louisiana and the Adai Caddo Tribe) is a state-recognized tribe in Louisiana [1] and 501(c)(3) organization in Robeline, Louisiana. [5] Its members identify as descendants of the Adai people. [6] [7] [8] The chief is John Mark Davis, as of 2023. [9] [4]
The direct connection, aside from Texas references between the Hainai and the Yowani is unknown. [4] One theory from the late historian/genealogist Cecil Lee Pinkston-Vinson was that Choctaw Tom, an influential Caddo leader who was a Yowani married to a Caddo woman, had his encampment attacked by forces led by Captain Peter Garland just off the ...
In 1716, Spanish colonists founded the Mission of San Miguel de Linares, also known as the Mission of Adayes, [3] to convert the Adai, Natchitoches, and other Caddo people to Roman Catholicism. [1] The French and their Native allies destroyed that mission in 1719 but the Spanish rebuilt in 1721. [1]