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The chemical composition of a petroleum distillate can also be modified to afford a solvent with reduced concentration of unsaturated hydrocarbons, i.e. alkenes, by hydrotreating and/or reduced aromatics, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, by several dearomatization methods. [1]
Distillate fuel, also called tractor fuel, was a petroleum product that was commonly used to power North American agricultural tractors from the early and mid-20th century. The product was crudely refined, akin to kerosene chemically, but impure.
No. 1 distillate No. 1 diesel fuel Kerosene: Jet fuel: Distillate 9-16 No. 2 fuel oil No. 2 distillate No. 2 diesel fuel: Road diesel Rail diesel Marine gas oil Distillate 10-20 No. 3 fuel oil No. 3 distillate No. 3 diesel fuel Marine diesel oil Distillate No. 4 fuel oil No. 4 distillate No. 4 residual fuel oil Bunker A Intermediate fuel oil
On average, U.S. petroleum refineries produce about 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline, 11 to 13 gallons of distillate fuel diesel fuel and 3 to 4 gallons of jet fuel from each 42 gallon (152 liters) barrel of crude oil. The product ratio depends upon the processing in an oil refinery and the crude oil assay. [13]
Steel grades to classify various steels by their composition and physical properties have been developed by a number of standards organizations.
The porosity eliminates the pipe found in killed steel and increases the yield to approximately 90% by weight. Semi-killed steel is commonly used for structural steel with a carbon content between 0.15 and 0.25% carbon, because it is rolled, which closes the porosity. It is also used for drawing applications.
It is also known as the stiffness to weight ratio or specific stiffness. High specific modulus materials find wide application in aerospace applications where minimum structural weight is required. The dimensional analysis yields units of distance squared per time squared.
Image 1: Typical industrial distillation towers Image 2: A crude oil vacuum distillation column as used in oil refineries. Continuous distillation, a form of distillation, is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously (without interruption) fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams.