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Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1913) and the German Confederation created by the ...
German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000. This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:
of Germany c. 1218 –1291: Albert I of Germany 1255–1308: Hartmann 1263–1281: Rudolf II Duke of Austria 1270–1290: Rudolf I of Bohemia 1281–1307: Frederick the Fair c. 1289 –1330: Leopold I Duke of Austria 1290–1326: Albert II Duke of Austria 1298–1358: Henry the Friendly 1299–1327: Otto Duke of Austria 1301–1339: John ...
This is a timeline of German history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Germany and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Germany. See also the list of German monarchs and list of chancellors of Germany and the list of years in Germany
The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918.
While in a referendum held on 12 March 1950, 57.68 per cent of the Belgians voted in favour of allowing Leopold III, whose conduct during World War II had been considered questionable and who had been accused of treason, to return to the throne; due to civil unrest, he opted to abdicate in favour of his son Baudouin on 16 July 1951. [13]
Germany: Wilhelm II: Emperor of Germany, King of Prussia: 27 January 1859 15 June 1888 9 November 1918 Abdicated: 9 June 1941 [7] Greece: Constantine II: King of the Hellenes: 2 June 1940 6 March 1964 1 June 1973 Deposed: 10 January 2023 [8] Iceland: Christian X: King of Iceland: 26 September 1870 14 May 1912 17 June 1944 Republican ...
Nevertheless, the proclamations and Wilhelm II's abdication triggered a powerful domino effect: the same day a number of other princes stepped down, and within a week most monarchs in Germany had followed suit. The last to abdicate was King William II of Württemberg on 30 November 1918.