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In the following example, the perfect subjunctive in the main clause is used to describe a future potential result: sī nunc mē suspendam, meīs inimīcīs voluptātem creāverim (Plautus) [86] 'if I were to hang myself now, I would simply have given my enemies pleasure' The following has the perfect subjunctive in both clauses:
In other examples in reported speech, the subjunctive in the 'if' clause represents an original present subjunctive with potential meaning: voluptātem, sī ipsa prō sē loquātur, concessūram arbitror dignitātī (Cicero) [60] 'I believe that Pleasure, if she were to speak for herself, would give way to Dignity'
The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility, judgment, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the precise situations in which they are used ...
(Spanish: "Si yo fuera/fuese rico, compraría una casa.") [66] The perfect past subjunctive (the imperfect subjunctive of haber and then a past participle) refers to an unfulfilled condition in the past, and the other clause would be in the perfect conditional: "Si yo hubiera/hubiese tenido dinero, habría comprado la casa" ("If I had been rich ...
The English subjunctive is realized as a finite but tenseless clause. Subjunctive clauses use a bare or plain verb form, which lacks any inflection. For instance, a subjunctive clause would use the verb form "be" rather than "am/is/are" and "arrive" rather than "arrives", regardless of the person and number of the subject. [4] (1) Subjunctive ...
The following example has the imperfect indicative: fuit quoddam tempus, cum in agrīs hominēs passim bestiārum modō vagābantur (Cicero) [74] "there was a certain time when people used to roam around randomly in the countryside like wild animals" While the following has imperfect subjunctive:
Examples are the English and French conditionals (an analytic construction in English, [c] but inflected verb forms in French), which are morphologically futures-in-the-past, [1] and of which each has thus been referred to as a "so-called conditional" [1] [2] (French: soi-disant conditionnel [3] [4] [5]) in modern and contemporary linguistics ...
The 2nd person imperfect subjunctive when potential is nearly always indefinite and generalising, i.e. an imaginary 'you': [344] crēderēs victōs (Livy) [345] 'you would have believed them beaten' In a conditional clause of comparison, the imperfect subjunctive indicates an imagined situation not at the present time but contemporary with the ...