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The forests are composed of evergreen broadleaf trees, which form a closed canopy. Epiphytes, including orchids, bromeliads, mosses, and lichens, are abundant. [3] The upper and lower montane forests vary somewhat in species composition. Lower montane forests predominate between 1,250 and 1,630 meters elevation.
Mexico ranks first in biodiversity in reptiles with 707 known species, second in mammals with 438 species, fourth in amphibians with 290 species, and fourth in flora, with 26,000 species. [3] Mexico is also ranked second in the world in ecosystems and fourth in overall species. [4] About 2,500 species are protected by Mexican legislation. [4]
Leaves. Bursera simaruba is a small to medium-sized tree growing to 30 meters tall, with a diameter of one meter or less at 1.5 meters above ground. [5] The bark is shiny dark red, and the leaves are spirally arranged and pinnate with 7-11 leaflets, each leaflet broad ovate, 4–10 cm long and 2–5 cm broad. [6]
The Jalisco dry forests are a region of large diversity in Mexico. Characteristic features of this forest are that the trees lose their leaves for a long period of time during the dry season and the forest is unusual in that it rarely burns. [9] The Chiapas Depression is a dry forest valley in southern Mexico and western Guatemala. [9]
Mexican conifers extend mainly across the main mountain ranges Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre Occidental and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.Enclosed between these mountains there are dispersed groups of conifers in mid and high elevations valleys when rainfall conditions allow their growth.
In 2017, 150 different species of flora (trees, shrubs, forbs, and grasses) were documented in Albuquerque's Bosque (New Mexico, United States). [9] The bosque is an important stopover for a variety of migratory birds, such as ducks, geese, egrets, herons, and sandhill cranes.
Pinus patula, commonly known as patula pine, spreading-leaved pine, or Mexican weeping pine, and in Spanish as pino patula or pino llorón, (patula Latin = "spreading") is a tree native to the highlands of Mexico. It grows from 24° to 18° North latitude and 1,800–2,700 m (5,900–8,900 ft) above sea level.
American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also known as American storax, [3] hazel pine, [4] bilsted, [5] redgum, [3] satin-walnut, [3] star-leaved gum, [5] alligatorwood, [3] gumball tree, [6] or simply sweetgum, [3] [7] is a deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America and tropical montane regions of Mexico and Central America.