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Hepatitis A and E are mainly spread by contaminated food and water. [3] Hepatitis B is mainly sexually transmitted, but may also be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth and spread through infected blood. [3] Hepatitis C is commonly spread through infected blood such as may occur during needle sharing by intravenous drug ...
Serious side effects from the hepatitis B vaccine are very uncommon. [13] Pain may occur at the site of injection. [13] It is safe for use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. [13] It has not been linked to Guillain–Barré syndrome. [13] Hepatitis B vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA techniques and contain immunologic adjuvant. [13]
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; [1] [6] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [7] It can cause both acute and chronic infection . [ 1 ]
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, as well as during interpandemic periods, women in the third trimester of pregnancy were at increased risk for severe disease, such as disease requiring admission to an intensive care unit or resulting in death, as compared with women in an earlier stage of pregnancy. [1] For hepatitis E, the case fatality rate ...
Immunization during pregnancy is the administration of a vaccine to a pregnant individual. [1] This may be done either to protect the individual from disease or to induce an antibody response, such that the antibodies cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the infant after birth.
HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) was the first hepatitis B virus protein to be discovered. [15] It consists of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) protein. [16] HBcAg (hepatitis B core antigen) is the main structural protein of HBV icosahedral nucleocapsid and it has function in replication of the virus. [17]
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1] [2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional ...