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The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, also known as Collision Regulations (COLREGs), are published by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and set out, among other things, the "rules of the road" or navigation rules to be followed by ships and other vessels at sea to prevent collisions between two or more vessels.
Diagram showing principle of constant bearing, decreasing range in marine collision avoidance. When an observer sees another vessel at a constant bearing and the range continually decreases, collision is imminent. A ship seen to be on a constant bearing with decreasing range will collide with the observer's ship unless avoiding action is taken.
A typical shipboard ARPA/radar system. A marine radar with automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. [1] [2] The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach [3] (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.
Marine radars are X band or S band radars on ships, used to detect other ships and land hazards, to provide bearing and distance for collision avoidance and navigation at sea. [1]
The original purpose of AIS was solely collision avoidance but many other applications have since developed and continue to be developed. AIS is currently used for: Collision avoidance AIS was developed by the IMO technical committees as a technology to avoid collisions among large vessels at sea that are not within range of shore-based systems.
BEIJING/MANILA (Reuters) -China and the Philippines traded accusations over a collision in disputed waters of the South China Sea as Chinese vessels blocked Philippine boats supplying forces there ...
The TSS rules are incorporated in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (Under Part B, Section I, Rule 10- Traffic Separation Schemes), SOLAS V/10 and the General Provisions on Ships' Routeing (GPSR). An individual TSS is controlled by a vessel traffic service.
In transportation, collision avoidance is the maintenance of systems and practices designed to prevent vehicles (such as aircraft, motor vehicles, ships, cranes and trains) from colliding with each other. They perceive the environment with sensors and prevent collisions using the data collected from the sensors.