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Coltan (short for columbite–tantalites and known industrially as tantalite) is a dull black metallic ore from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite (after niobium's original American name columbium), and the tantalum-dominant mineral is tantalite. [1]
This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison.
Coltan is the colloquial name for the mineral columbite-tantalum ("col-tan"). In the early 21st century coltan mining is associated with human rights violations such as child labour, systematic exploitation of the population by governments or militant groups, exposure to toxic chemicals and other hazards as a result of lax environmental protection, and general safety laws and regulations. [1]
The Comptoir Minier des Exploitations du Burundi S.A. (Burundi Mining Exchange, COMEBU) is privately owned. [1] COMEBU was granted a 25-year mining license to exploit coltan and cassiterite in the Commune of Kabarore, Kayanza Province, and cassiterite in Murehe, Kirundo Province. The two concessions covered 39 square kilometres (15 sq mi). [2] [a]
Coltan is the most profitable mineral export from the Congo, but it is particularly difficult to track because it is often listed as cassiterite, for which export taxes are lower. Coltan had been illegally extracted and sold via Burundi since 1995, three years before the invasion began. [58]
Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate, with a general chemical formula of (Fe II,Mn II)Nb 2 O 6, is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic luster, a high density, and is a niobate of iron and manganese.
Industrial Minerals was formed in 1967 as a spin-off from its parent publication, Metal Bulletin (MB), [4] [5] which had previously covered the industrial applications of mineral sands. In 1995, IM launched Mineral PriceWatch (MPW) publication [ 6 ] and North American Minerals News , [ 7 ] a monthly newsletter which ceased in 2002.
For each commodity they quote a range (low and high price) which reflect the buying and selling about 9-fold due to China's transition from light to heavy industry and its focus on manufacturing. [2] China became the world's largest consumer of iron ore in 2003, [ 3 ] and accounts for over half of global metal consumption.) [ 4 ]