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Katalin "Kati" Karikó (Hungarian: Karikó Katalin, pronounced [ˈkɒrikoː ˌkɒtɒlin]; born 17 January 1955) is a Hungarian-American [2] biochemist who specializes in ribonucleic acid ()-mediated mechanisms, particularly in vitro-transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein replacement therapy. [3]
Unusual names have caused issues for scientists explaining genetic diseases to lay-people, such as when an individual is affected by a gene with an offensive or insensitive name. [14] This has particularly been noted in patients with a defect in the sonic hedgehog gene pathway and the disease formerly named CATCH22 for "cardiac anomaly, T-cell ...
Drew Weissman (born September 7, 1959) is an American physician and immunologist known for his contributions to RNA biology. Weissman is the inaugural Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research, director of the Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, and professor of medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn).
Entry of mRNA molecules, however, faces a number of difficulties. Not only are mRNA molecules too large to cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion, they are also negatively charged like the cell membrane, which causes a mutual electrostatic repulsion. Additionally, mRNA is easily degraded by RNAases in skin and blood. [55]
Jon Asher Wolff (September 25, 1956 – April 17, 2020) was an American geneticist.He was the lead author on a 1990 study published in the journal Science that first suggested the possibility of synthesizing mRNA in a laboratory to trigger the production of a desired protein.
Scripps Research Institute: 2001 National Academy of Sciences (US) Kaesberg, Paul: University of Wisconsin, Madison: 1991 National Academy of Sciences (US) Khorana, H. Gobind: 1922–2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 1966 National Academy of Sciences (US), 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1968 Horwitz Prize, 1968 Lasker ...
Prior to studying medicine, Robert Malone studied computer science at Santa Barbara City College for two years, acting as a teaching assistant in 1981. [2] [8] He received his BS in biochemistry from the University of California, Davis in 1984, his MS in biology from the University of California, San Diego in 1988, and his MD from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in 1991.
Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese scientist in molecular evolution, the nearly neutral theory of evolution; Clarence Paul Oliver (1898–1991), US geneticist, switched from Drosophila to human genetics; Olufunmilayo Olopade (born 1957), Nigerian oncologist known for research on genetics of breast cancer and health disparities