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Katalin "Kati" Karikó (Hungarian: Karikó Katalin, pronounced [ˈkɒrikoː ˌkɒtɒlin]; born 17 January 1955) is a Hungarian-American [2] biochemist who specializes in ribonucleic acid ()-mediated mechanisms, particularly in vitro-transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein replacement therapy. [3]
Drew Weissman (born September 7, 1959) is an American physician and immunologist known for his contributions to RNA biology. Weissman is the inaugural Roberts Family Professor in Vaccine Research, director of the Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, and professor of medicine at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn).
Here are five things to know about Karikó and Weissman’s game-changing research and mRNA vaccines. What mRNA does Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is a form of nucleic acid that tells cells what to do ...
Entry of mRNA molecules, however, faces a number of difficulties. Not only are mRNA molecules too large to cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion, they are also negatively charged like the cell membrane, which causes a mutual electrostatic repulsion. Additionally, mRNA is easily degraded by RNAases in skin and blood. [55]
The basic principle to acquire the biological samples for mRNA-based disease diagnosis is that the samples are suitable, accessible, preservable, ethical and minimum invasive. Moreover for some specific research, the samples should be collected within certain time to guarantee the quality and reduce potential contaminants.
Unusual names have caused issues for scientists explaining genetic diseases to lay-people, such as when an individual is affected by a gene with an offensive or insensitive name. [13] This has particularly been noted in patients with a defect in the sonic hedgehog gene pathway and the disease formerly named CATCH22 for "cardiac anomaly, T-cell ...
Tomoko Ohta (born 1933), Japanese scientist in molecular evolution, the nearly neutral theory of evolution; Clarence Paul Oliver (1898–1991), US geneticist, switched from Drosophila to human genetics; Olufunmilayo Olopade (born 1957), Nigerian oncologist known for research on genetics of breast cancer and health disparities
Prior to studying medicine, Robert Malone studied computer science at Santa Barbara City College for two years, acting as a teaching assistant in 1981. [2] [8] He received his BS in biochemistry from the University of California, Davis in 1984, his MS in biology from the University of California, San Diego in 1988, and his MD from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in 1991.