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In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (), and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded or promoted on the basis of some ...
Large-scale patronage systems declined steadily during the twentieth century. During the Progressive Era (1900–1920), "good government" reformers overthrew political machines and installed civil service systems. Chicago, under Mayor Richard J. Daley, remained the last bastion of patronage, existing in its purest form until the late 1970s. [21]
Clientelism or client politics is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo. [1] [2] [3] It is closely related to patronage politics and vote buying. [4] Clientelism involves an asymmetric relationship between groups of political actors described as patrons, brokers, and clients.
Vote buying (also referred to as electoral clientelism and patronage politics) occurs when a political party or candidate distributes money or resources to a voter in an upcoming election with the expectation that the voter votes for the actor handing out monetary rewards. [1]
Senatorial courtesy is a long-standing, unwritten, unofficial, and nonbinding constitutional convention in the U.S. describing the tendency of U.S. senators to support a Senate colleague opposing the appointment to federal office of a nominee from that senator's state. [1]
A political machine is a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives—money, political jobs—and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity. Political machines started as grass roots organizations to gain the patronage needed to win the modern election. Having strong ...
Political affiliation continued to be the basis for appointment to many positions. [15] Cartoonist Thomas Nast of Harper's Weekly was a leading Mugwump strongly opposed to Blaine. In the early 1880s, the issue of political patronage split the Republican Party down the middle for several consecutive sessions of Congress. The party was divided ...
1869 tobacco label featuring Boss Tweed. In the politics of the United States of America, a boss is a person who controls a faction or local branch of a political party.They do not necessarily hold public office themselves; most historical bosses did not, at least during the times of their greatest influence.