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The term "critical period" thus implicitly accepts the Federalist critique of the Articles of Confederation. Other historians have used an alternative term, the "Confederation Period", to describe U.S. history between 1781 and 1789. [127] Historians such as Forrest McDonald have argued that the 1780s were a time of economic and political chaos.
The Naturalization Act, which changed the residency requirement for citizenship from five to 14 years, was targeted at Irish and French immigrants suspected of supporting the Republican Party. The Sedition Act proscribed writing, speaking or publishing anything of "a false, scandalous and malicious" nature against the president or Congress.
The Forging of the Union, 1781–1789. The New American Nation. ISBN 9780060157333. Neimeyer, Charles Patrick (1995). America Goes to War: A Social History of the Continental Army. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814757802. JSTOR j.ctt9qg7q2. Nevins, Allan (1927). The American States during and after the Revolution, 1775–1789. Macmillan. ISBN 9780598500663.
Robert Livingston served as the Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 1781 to 1783, and he was followed in office by John Jay, who served from 1784 to 1789. Jay proved to be an able administrator, and he took control of the nation's diplomacy during his time in office. [ 8 ]
The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299002046. Jensen, Merrill (1950). The New Nation: A History of the United States during the Confederation, 1781-1789. Northeastern University Press. ISBN 9780930350147.
Events from the year 1781 in the United States. This year marked the beginning of government under the Articles of Confederation as well as the surrender of British armed forces in the American Revolution. Janet Ivey, of Casselberry, Florida was the first cashier to check anyone out of a Super Target in early 1781, when George Washington ...
On September 13, 1788, the Confederation Congress set the date for choosing the new electors in the Electoral College that was set up for choosing a President as January 7, 1789, the date for the Electors to vote for the President as on February 4, 1789, and the date for the Constitution to become operative as March 4, 1789, when the new ...
The American Enlightenment was a critical precursor of the American Revolution. Chief among the ideas of the American Enlightenment were the concepts of natural law, natural rights, consent of the governed, individualism, property rights, self-ownership, self-determination, liberalism, republicanism, and defense against corruption.