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The avatar concept was further developed and refined in later Hindu texts. One approach was to identify full avatars and partial avatars. Krishna, Rama, and Narasimha were full avatars (purna avatars), while others were partial avatars (ansha avatars). [29] Some declared, states Noel Sheth, that every living creature is an avatar of Vishnu. [29]
Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is commonly included as an avatar of Vishnu in Hinduism. Buddha is sometimes depicted in Hindu scriptures as a preacher who deludes and leads asuras and heretics away from the path of the Vedic scriptures, but another view praises him a compassionate teacher who preached the path of ahimsa (non-violence).
The sense of avatar as mother goddess is unique to the sect of Hinduism called Shaktism. [8] [9] Sathya Sai Baba - claimed to be an avatar of Shiva and Shakthi. [10] Kalki Bhagawan and Amma Bhagawan - This couple from South India claim to be the Kalki avatar of Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi respectively. [11]
Some pre-14th-century Hindu temples include Buddha reliefs with the same reverence they show for other avatars of Vishnu, [27] but though an avatar of Vishnu, the Buddha is rarely worshipped like Krishna and Rama in Hinduism.
The concept of the avatar (or incarnation) within Hinduism is most often associated with Vishnu, the preserver or sustainer aspect of God within the Hindu Trimurti. The avatars of Vishnu descend to empower the good and to destroy evil, thereby restoring Dharma and relieving the burden of the Earth.
Kurma (Sanskrit: कूर्म, lit. 'Turtle' or 'Tortoise'), is the second avatar of the Hindu preserver deity, Vishnu.Originating in Vedic literature such as the Yajurveda as being synonymous with the Saptarishi called Kashyapa, Kurma is most commonly associated in post-Vedic literature such as the Puranas.
In Hinduism, Rishabha is one of the twenty-four avatars of Vishnu in the Bhagavata Purana. [1] [2] [3] Some scholars identify this avatar to be the same as the first tirthankara of Jainism, Rishabhanatha. [3] [4] Shaiva texts like the Linga Purana regard Rishabha to be among the 28 avatars of Shiva. [5]
The Garga Samhita states that a shaktyavesha avatara is one of the six forms of incarnation of the deity Krishna, identified with Vishnu. The purpose of such an incarnation is regarded to be to enter a jiva (living being) in order to perform a given mission, after which the deity departs from this form.