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  2. Drag equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_equation

    In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is: F d = 1 2 ρ u 2 c d A {\displaystyle F_{\rm {d}}\,=\,{\tfrac {1}{2}}\,\rho \,u^{2}\,c_{\rm {d}}\,A} where

  3. Stokes' law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes'_law

    Creeping flow past a falling sphere in a fluid (e.g., a droplet of fog falling through the air): streamlines, drag force F d and force by gravity F g. At terminal (or settling) velocity, the excess force F e due to the difference between the weight and buoyancy of the sphere (both caused by gravity [7]) is given by:

  4. Drag coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_coefficient

    Drag coefficients in fluids with Reynolds number approximately 10 4 [1] [2] Shapes are depicted with the same projected frontal area. In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water.

  5. Drag (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_(physics)

    In aerodynamics, aerodynamic drag, also known as air resistance, is the fluid drag force that acts on any moving solid body in the direction of the air's freestream flow. [23] From the body's perspective (near-field approach), the drag results from forces due to pressure distributions over the body surface, symbolized .

  6. Added mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Added_mass

    For ships, the added mass can easily reach one fourth or one third of the mass of the ship and therefore represents a significant inertia, in addition to frictional and wavemaking drag forces. For certain geometries freely sinking through a column of water, hydrodynamic added mass associated with the sinking body can be much larger than the ...

  7. Morison equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morison_equation

    The inertia force is of the functional form as found in potential flow theory, while the drag force has the form as found for a body placed in a steady flow. In the heuristic approach of Morison, O'Brien, Johnson and Schaaf these two force components, inertia and drag, are simply added to describe the inline force in an oscillatory flow.

  8. Automobile drag coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_drag_coefficient

    The force F required to overcome drag is calculated with the drag equation: = Therefore: = Where the drag coefficient and reference area have been collapsed into the drag area term. This allows direct estimation of the drag force at a given speed for any vehicle for which only the drag area is known and therefore easier comparison.

  9. Drag curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_curve

    The drag curve or drag polar is the relationship between the drag on an aircraft and other variables, such as lift, the coefficient of lift, angle-of-attack or speed. It may be described by an equation or displayed as a graph (sometimes called a "polar plot"). [1] Drag may be expressed as actual drag or the coefficient of drag.