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Orthodox Judaism maintains that the law of matrilineal descent in Judaism dates at least to the time of the covenant at Sinai (c. 1310 BCE). [24] This law was first codified in writing in the Mishna (c. 2nd century CE), [25] and later in the Mishneh Torah (c. 1170–1180 CE) [26] and Shulchan Aruch (1563 CE), without mention of any dissenting ...
Jewish identity began to gain the attention of Jewish sociologists in the United States with the publication of Marshall Sklare's "Lakeville studies". [20] Among other topics explored in the studies was Sklare's notion of a "good Jew". [21] The "good Jew" was essentially an idealized form of Jewish identity as expressed by the Lakeville ...
Matrilineality in Judaism or matrilineal descent in Judaism is the tracing of Jewish descent through the maternal line. Close to all Jewish communities have followed matrilineal descent from at least early Tannaitic (c. 10–70 CE) times through modern times. [109] The origins and date-of-origin of matrilineal descent in Judaism are uncertain.
Wolf understood evolution in the strongly progressive sense that was common to much Victorian thought, with the environment selecting for traits that would maximize racial hygiene and permanently and continually improve the character of the Jewish race over time. Wolf asserted that "the optimism of Judaism" as "expressed in "legalism" gave Jews ...
Jewish law, or halacha, recognizes intersex and non-conforming gender identities in addition to male and female. [5] [6] Rabbinical literature recognizes six different genders, defined according to the development and presentation of primary and secondary sex characteristics at birth and later in life. [7]
This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. In the late 19th century, amid attempts to apply science to notions of race, the founders of Zionism (Theodor Herzl and Max Nordau, among others) sought to reformulate conceptions of Jewishness in terms of racial identity and the "race science" of the time. They believed that this concept would ...
Jewish nationhood is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses shared history, culture, religion, and a sense of belonging to a community, and has been a driving force in the preservation of Jewish identity throughout history and continues to shape the Jewish experience.
Affiliations notwithstanding, gay and lesbian synagogues had members with diverse backgrounds within Judaism, from Reform to Orthodox, and often chose to create their own liturgies drawing from this blend of traditions. [29] In some synagogues this shifted to a more mainstream liturgy over time. [26]