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The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia [a] was a de facto country in Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1915 and again from 1921 to 1924. By the spring of 1911, some prominent Mongol nobles including Prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren persuaded the Jebstundamba Khutukhtu to convene a meeting of nobles and ecclesiastical officials to discuss independence from Qing China.
The memorial garden consists of pedestrian paths, green area, flower field, sculptures and the statue of Bogd Khan. It is designed by L.Gankhuyag. [ 1 ] The memorial garden spreads over an area of 1.4 hectares.
Young Bogd Khan Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan. The future Bogd Khan was born in 1869 in the area of Lhasa, in a family of a Tibetan official. [1] He was born as Agvaan Luvsan Choijinnyam Danzan Vanchüg. His father, Gonchigtseren, was an accountant at the 12th Dalai Lama's court. [2]
A map of the Dzungar Khanate, by a Swedish officer in captivity there in 1716–1733, which include the region known today as Zhetysu The Dzungar Khanate (a fragment of the map of Russian Empire of Peter The Great, that was created by a Sweden soldier in c. 1725)
The Bogd Khan assumed the same powers—symbolic and real—of Qing emperors in the past. He adopted a reign title, "Elevated by the Many"; the Mongolian nobility now owed their tribute to him instead of to the Qing emperor; and the Bogd Khan assumed the right of conferring upon the lay nobles their ranks and seals of office. This new state ...
In 1911, Namnansüren persuaded Mongolia's religious leader Bogd Khan to call a congress of Mongol princes and high-ranking lamas in Khüree to initiate independence from China. The Bogd Khan then dispatched him to Saint Petersburg in July 1911 as part of a delegation to seek Russian and West European support for Mongolian independence. [3]
The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy (Chinese: 外蒙古撤治) began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats, [2] Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces. [3]
A khanate or khaganate is a type of historic polity ruled by a khan, khagan, khatun, or khanum. [1] [2] Khanates were typically nomadic Turkic, Tatar and Mongol societies located on the Eurasian Steppe, [3] [4] [5] politically equivalent in status to kinship-based chiefdoms and feudal monarchies.