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Academic research on global strategy came during the 1980s, including work by Michael Porter and Christopher Bartlett & Sumantra Ghoshal.Among the forces perceived to bring about the globalization of competition were convergences in economic systems and technological change, especially in information technology, that facilitated and required the coordination of a multinational firm's strategy ...
EPG Model is an international business model including three dimensions – ethnocentric, polycentric and geocentric. It has been introduced by Howard V. Perlmutter within the journal article "The Tortuous Evolution of Multinational Enterprises" in 1969. [1]
To create a successful global strategy, managers first must understand the nature of global industries and the dynamics of global competition, international strategy (i.e. internationally scattered subsidiaries act independently and operate as if they were local companies, with minimum coordination from the parent company) and global strategy ...
Counter-Cola: A Multinational History of the Global Corporation (U of California Press, 2019) on Coca-Cola. Fritz, Martin and Karlsson, Birgit. SKF: A Global Story, 1907–2007 (2006). ISBN 978-91-7736-576-1. Scheiber, Harry N. "World War I as Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Willard Straight and the American International Corporation".
Transnational corporations share many qualities with multinational corporations, but there is a subtle difference.Multinational corporations consist of a centralized management structure, whereas transnational corporations generally are decentralized, with many bases in various countries where the corporation operates. [1]
The CAGE Distance Framework identifies Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic differences or distances between countries that companies should address when crafting international strategies. [1] It may also be used to understand patterns of trade, capital, information, and people flows. [2]
International or multinational companies gain economies of scale through shared overhead, and market similar products in multiple countries. Multi-domestic companies have separate headquarters in different countries, thereby attaining more localized management , but at the higher cost of forgoing the economies of scale from cost sharing and ...
Miles Kahler defines multilateralism as "international governance" or global governance of the "many," and its central principle was "opposition [to] bilateral discriminatory arrangements that were believed to enhance the leverage of the powerful over the weak and to increase international conflict."; [6] Robert Keohane defined it as "the ...