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  2. Evidence (law) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_(law)

    Other admissible evidence may be excluded, at the discretion of the trial judge under 78 PACE, or at common law, if the judge can be persuaded that having regard to all the circumstances including how the evidence was obtained "admission of the evidence would have such an adverse effect on the fairness of the proceedings that the court ought ...

  3. Judges' Rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judges'_Rules

    The Judges' Rules were not rules of law, but rather rules of practice for the guidance of the police, setting out the kinds of conduct that could cause a judge to exercise discretion to exclude evidence, in the interests of a fair trial. [1] High Court judge Lawrence J explained in R. v. Voisin [1918] 1 KB 531, that:

  4. Judge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge

    A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel.In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling in the case based on their interpretation of the law and their own personal ...

  5. Administrative law judge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_law_judge

    The United States Supreme Court has recognized that the role of a federal administrative law judge is "functionally comparable" to that of an Article III judge. An ALJ's powers are often, if not generally, comparable to those of a trial judge: an ALJ may issue subpoenas, rule on proffers of evidence, regulate the course of the hearing, and make ...

  6. Federal Rules of Evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Evidence

    The Federal Rules of Evidence began as rules proposed pursuant to a statutory grant of authority, the Rules Enabling Act, but were eventually enacted as statutory law. The United States Supreme Court circulated drafts of the FRE in 1969, 1971 and 1972, but Congress then exercised its power under the Rules Enabling Act to suspend implementation ...

  7. Judicial discretion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_discretion

    Where appropriate, judicial discretion allows a judge to decide a legal case or matter within a range of possible decisions. However, where the exercise of discretion goes beyond constraints set down by legislation , by binding precedent , or by a constitution , the court may be abusing its discretion and undermining the rule of law .

  8. Examining magistrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Examining_magistrate

    The examining judge is expected to investigate the matter thoroughly and to prepare a complete written record so that by the time the examining stage is complete, all the relevant evidence is in the record. If the examining judge concludes that a crime was committed and that the accused is the perpetrator, the case then goes to trial.

  9. Jury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury

    However, this is not the practice in most other legal systems based on the English tradition, in which judges retain sole responsibility for deciding sentences according to law. The exception is the award of damages in English law libel cases, although a judge is now obliged to make a recommendation to the jury as to the appropriate amount.