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Some homesteaders retaliated by cutting the barbed wire of the fenced areas to give their livestock access to these lands, prompting the fence-cutting wars. Fence cutters were usually small-scale stockmen or farmers who used the free range and resented its appropriation, but also resented the fact that their stock could get tangled in the ...
Great Plains Quarterly 38.3 (2018): 251–272. online; Hyman, Harold M. American Singularity: The 1787 Northwest Ordinance, the 1862 Homestead and Morrill Acts, and the 1944 G.I. Bill. (1986) online; Lause, Mark A. Young America: Land, Labor, and the Republican Community. (2005) Patterson-Black, Sheryll. "Women homesteaders on the Great Plains ...
The Great Plains project has shed light on the pattern of colonisation followed by black homesteaders. First of all, like white homesteaders, they were generally poor or vey poor and viewed the offer of free land as a way to get ahead, even it meant living in harsh climates with rudimentary housing and clearing land in difficult conditions. [5]
African Americans in the United States have a unique history of homesteading, in part due to historical discrimination and legacies of enslavement. Black American communities were negatively impacted by the Homestead Act's implementation, which was designed to give land to those who had been enslaved and other underprivileged groups.
The Homestead Act of 1860 in the United States would have made land available for 25 cents per acre. This act was passed by the United States Congress , but was ultimately vetoed by President James Buchanan .
In 1969 James Forman began a very long campaign dubbed the 'Black Manifesto', which called for reparations to be paid to black Americans as well as a land bank in the south meant to offer financial assistance for those experiencing land loss. This call was later followed up by the 1973 'Only Six Million Acres' campaign led by Bob Browne.
The Timber Culture Act was a follow-up act to the Homestead Act.The Timber Culture Act was passed by Congress in 1873. The act allowed homesteaders to get another 160 acres (65 ha) of land if they planted trees on one-fourth of the land, because the land was "almost one entire plain of grass, which is and ever must be useless to cultivating man."
Prior to the Civil War, more than ninety percent of the nation's energy came from wood, fueling the great transportation vehicles of the era. [12] As Americans settled the timber-starved Great Plains, they needed material from the lumber-rich parts of the nation with which to build their cities.