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Zwolinski and Wilhoit defined, in 1972, "gross" and "net" values for heats of combustion. In the gross definition the products are the most stable compounds, e.g. H 2 O (l), Br 2 (l), I 2 (s) and H 2 SO 4 (l). In the net definition the products are the gases produced when the compound is burned in an open flame, e.g. H 2 O (g), Br 2 (g), I 2 (g ...
A substance is characterized by a burn rate vs. pressure chart and burn rate vs temperature chart. Higher burn rate than the speed of sound in the material (usually several km/s): "detonation" A few meters per second: "deflagration" A few centimeters per second: "burn" or "smolder" 0.01 mm/s to 100 mm/s: "decomposing rapidly" to characterise it.
The Lund and Browder chart is a tool useful in the management of burns for estimating the total body surface area affected. It was created by Dr. Charles Lund, Senior Surgeon at Boston City Hospital , and Dr. Newton Browder, based on their experiences in treating over 300 burn victims injured at the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston in 1942.
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The output section of the NFDRS structure chart is the components or simply the outputs that are based in fire behavior description but expressed in the broader context of fire danger rating. [6] Spread Component – Displays a value numerically equivalent to the predicted forward rate of spread of a head fire in feet
The burning of a solid material may appear to lose weight if the mass of combustion gases (such as carbon dioxide and water vapor) are not taken into account. The original mass of flammable material and the mass of the oxygen consumed (typically from the surrounding air) equals the mass of the flame products (ash, water, carbon dioxide, and ...
A 7-year-old boy accidentally shot and killed his 2-year-old brother inside a truck parked in a California shopping center, authorities said. On Monday, just before 4 p.m. local time, the boy ...
This Category 3 system corresponds to an ensemble of PPE that together offers protection up to 25 cal/cm 2 (105 J/cm 2 or 1.05 MJ/m 2). The minimum rating of PPE necessary for any category is the maximum available energy for that category. For example, a Category 3 arc-flash hazard requires PPE rated for no less than 25 cal/cm 2 (1.05 MJ/m 2).