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Two crystalline forms are known, both being very similar to the corresponding potassium sulfate. Orthorhombic β-K 2 CrO 4 is the common form, but it converts to an α-form above 66 °C. [1] These structures are complex, although the chromate ion adopts the typical tetrahedral geometry. [2]
2 CrO 2− 4 + 2 H + ⇌ Cr 2 O 2− 7 + H 2 O The predominance diagram shows that the position of the equilibrium depends on both pH and the analytical concentration of chromium. [ notes 1 ] The chromate ion is the predominant species in alkaline solutions, but dichromate can become the predominant ion in acidic solutions.
Potassium dichromate, K 2 Cr 2 O 7, is a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. As with all hexavalent chromium compounds, it is acutely and chronically harmful to health.
With concentrated hydrochloric acid, it converts to chromyl chloride, which in turn reacts with water to form chromic acid and additional hydrochloric acid. When treated with 18-crown-6, it forms the lipophilic salt [K(18-crown-6)]CrO 3 Cl. [7] Peligot's salt can oxidize benzyl alcohol, a reaction which can be catalyzed by acid. [8]
Concentrated aqueous solutions of potassium dichromate can be reduced, usually with sulfur dioxide but also with alcohols or formaldehyde, in the presence of sulfuric acid at temperatures <40 °C. Alternatively and less commonly, ferrochromium alloys can be dissolved in sulfuric acid and, after precipitation of the ferrous sulfate, the chrome ...
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The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.