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Earth cutaway from core to exosphere Geothermal drill machine in Wisconsin, USA. Temperature within Earth increases with depth. Highly viscous or partially molten rock at temperatures between 650 and 1,200 °C (1,200 and 2,200 °F) are found at the margins of tectonic plates, increasing the geothermal gradient in the vicinity, but only the outer core is postulated to exist in a molten or fluid ...
Graph of different thermoclines (depth versus temperature) ... (depth vs. temperature). Note the rapid change between 100 and 1000 meters. The temperature is nearly ...
The increase in temperature with increasing depth is known as the geothermal gradient and is gradual within the rheological boundary layer. In practice, the RBL is defined by the depth at which the viscosity of the mantle rocks drops below ~ 10 21 P a ⋅ s . {\displaystyle 10^{21}Pa\cdot s.} .
Approximate temperature curve within depths of Earth. Shows that it gets hotter with increased depth. Thermochronology is the study of the thermal evolution of a region of a planet.
Lake stratification is the tendency of lakes to form separate and distinct thermal layers during warm weather. Typically stratified lakes show three distinct layers: the epilimnion, comprising the top warm layer; the thermocline (or metalimnion), the middle layer, whose depth may change throughout the day; and the colder hypolimnion, extending to the floor of the lake.
Deep ocean water has a very uniform temperature, around 0–3 °C (32–37 °F), and a salinity of about 3.5% or, as oceanographers state, 35‰ (parts per thousand). [ 3 ] In specialized locations, such as the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii , ocean water is pumped to the surface from approximately 900 m (3,000 ft) deep for applications in ...
In contrast to the approximately 2 °C (36 °F) ambient water temperature at these depths, water emerges from these vents at temperatures ranging from 60 °C (140 °F) [6] up to as high as 464 °C (867 °F).
The maximum frost depth observed in the contiguous United States ranges from 0 to 8 feet (2.4 m). [1] Below that depth, the temperature varies, but is always above 0 °C (32 °F). Alternatively, in Arctic and Antarctic locations the freezing depth is so deep that it becomes year-round permafrost, and the term "thaw depth" is used