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Pythagoras of Samos [a] (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [b], often known mononymously as Pythagoras, was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.
For Pythagorean philosophers the soul was the source of justice and through the harmony of the soul, divinity could be achieved. Injustice inverted the natural order. According to the 4th century BC philosopher Heraclides Ponticus, Pythagoras taught that "happiness consists in knowledge of the perfection of the numbers of the soul. [50]
He was a scientist and philosopher affiliated with the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of mathematical mechanics and a friend of Plato. [ 4 ] As a Pythagorean, Archytas believed that arithmetic (logistic), rather than geometry, provided the basis for satisfactory proofs, [ 5 ] and developed the most famous argument ...
Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales [1] [2] and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. ↵Abbreviations used in this list: c. = circa; fl. = flourished
Pythagoras of Samos (c. 580 – c. 500 BC). Of the Ionian School. Believed the deepest reality to be composed of numbers, and that souls are immortal. ... Philosopher ...
Philolaus (/ ˌ f ɪ l ə ˈ l eɪ ə s /; Ancient Greek: Φιλόλαος, Philólaos; c. 470 – c. 385 BC) [1] [a] was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher. He was born in a Greek colony in Italy and migrated to Greece.
The tetractys. The tetractys (Greek: τετρακτύς), or tetrad, [1] or the tetractys of the decad [2] is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row, which is the geometrical representation of the fourth triangular number.
Hippasus of Metapontum (/ ˈ h ɪ p ə s ə s /; Ancient Greek: Ἵππασος ὁ Μεταποντῖνος, Híppasos; c. 530 – c. 450 BC) [1] was a Greek philosopher and early follower of Pythagoras. [2] [3] Little is known about his life or his beliefs, but he is sometimes credited with the discovery of the existence of irrational numbers.