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In contrast to structural steel, rebar steel grades are not harmonized yet across Europe, each country having their own national standards. However, some standardization of specification and testing methods exist under EN 10080 and EN ISO 15630: BS EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete. Weldable reinforcing steel. General. (2005)
The ACI Building Code Requirements put the following restrictions on amount of spiral reinforcement. ACI Code 7.10.4.2: For cast-in-place construction, size of spirals shall not be less than 3/8 in. diameter. ACI Code 7.10.4.3: Clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 3 in., nor be less than 1in.
The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1] Reinforced concrete is the most common form of concrete. The reinforcement is often steel rebar (mesh, spiral, bars and other forms). Structural fibers of various materials are available.
The reinforcing steel in the bottom part of the beam, which will be subjected to tensile forces when in service, is placed in tension before the concrete is poured around it. Once the concrete has hardened, the tension on the reinforcing steel is released, placing a built-in compressive force on the concrete.
Figure 1: Small cube of a material with reinforcing bars. The cube is cracked and the material above the crack is removed to show the reinforcement that crosses the crack. In solid mechanics, a reinforced solid is a brittle material that is reinforced by ductile bars or fibres. A common application is reinforced concrete. When the concrete ...
Concrete and steel reinforcement bars combine to create strong, resilient structures in the following ways: Upon contact with each other, the cement paste and steel rebar form a non-reactive surface film preventing corrosion. Reinforcement bars or beams can be strategically set throughout the concrete to achieve the required support system.
The EN 10080: Steel for the reinforcement of concrete is a European Standard. This standard is referenced by EN 1992 . This standard specifies general requirements and definitions for performance characteristics of steel reinforcement suitable for welding, which is used for reinforcement of concrete structures, supplied as finished products:
The austenizing temperature, the temperature where a steel transforms to an austenite crystal structure, for steel starts at 900 °C (1,650 °F) for pure iron, then, as more carbon is added, the temperature falls to a minimum 724 °C (1,335 °F) for eutectic steel (steel with only .83% by weight of carbon in it).